home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Aminet 5
/
Aminet 5 - March 1995.iso
/
Aminet
/
dev
/
gcc
/
gcc263_doc.lha
/
gnu
/
man
/
man1
/
ar.1
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-12-19
|
12KB
|
331 lines
ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
NNAAMMEE
ar - create, modify, and extract from archives.
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
aarr [--]_{_d_m_p_q_r_t_x_}_[_a_b_c_i_l_o_s_u_v_V_] [_m_e_m_b_e_r_n_a_m_e] _a_r_c_h_i_v_e _f_i_l_e_s...
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
The GNU aarr program creates, modifies, and extracts from
archives. An _a_r_c_h_i_v_e is a single file holding a collec-
tion of other files in a structure that makes it possible
to retrieve the original individual files (called _m_e_m_b_e_r_s
of the archive).
The original files' contents, mode (permissions), times-
tamp, owner, and group are preserved in the archive, and
may be reconstituted on extraction.
GNU aarr can maintain archives whose members have names of
any length; however, depending on how aarr is configured on
your system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed
(for compatibility with archive formats maintained with
other tools). If it exists, the limit is often 15 charac-
ters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16 charac-
ters (typical of formats related to coff).
aarr is considered a binary utility because archives of this
sort are most often used as _l_i_b_r_a_r_i_e_s holding commonly
needed subroutines.
aarr will create an index to the symbols defined in relocat-
able object modules in the archive when you specify the
modifier `ss'. Once created, this index is updated in the
archive whenever aarr makes a change to its contents (save
for the `qq' update operation). An archive with such an
index speeds up linking to the library, and allows rou-
tines in the library to call each other without regard to
their placement in the archive.
You may use `nnmm --ss' or `nnmm ----pprriinntt--aarrmmaapp' to list this in-
dex table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of
aarr called rraannlliibb can be used to add just the table.
aarr insists on at least two arguments to execute: one
keyletter specifying the _o_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n (optionally accompanied
by other keyletters specifying _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s), and the archive
name to act on.
Most operations can also accept further _f_i_l_e_s arguments,
specifying particular files to operate on.
cygnus support 5 November 1991 1
ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
GNU aarr allows you to mix the operation code _p and modifier
flags _m_o_d in any order, within the first command-line ar-
gument.
If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument
with a dash.
The _p keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it
may be any of the following, but you must specify only one
of them:
dd _D_e_l_e_t_e modules from the archive. Specify the names
of modules to be deleted as _f_i_l_e_s; the archive is
untouched if you specify no files to delete.
If you specify the `vv' modifier, aarr will list each
module as it is deleted.
mm Use this operation to _m_o_v_e members in an archive.
The ordering of members in an archive can make a
difference in how programs are linked using the li-
brary, if a symbol is defined in more than one mem-
ber.
If no modifiers are used with mm, any members you
name in the _f_i_l_e_s arguments are moved to the _e_n_d of
the archive; you can use the `aa', `bb', or `ii' modi-
fiers to move them to a specified place instead.
pp _P_r_i_n_t the specified members of the archive, to the
standard output file. If the `vv' modifier is spec-
ified, show the member name before copying its con-
tents to standard output.
If you specify no _f_i_l_e_s, all the files in the
archive are printed.
qq _Q_u_i_c_k _a_p_p_e_n_d; add _f_i_l_e_s to the end of _a_r_c_h_i_v_e,
without checking for replacement.
The modifiers `aa', `bb', and `ii' do _n_o_t affect this
operation; new members are always placed at the end
of the archive.
The modifier `vv' makes aarr list each file as it is
appended.
Since the point of this operation is speed, the
cygnus support 5 November 1991 2
ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
archive's symbol table index is not updated, even
if it already existed; you can use `aarr ss' or rraannlliibb
explicitly to update the symbol table index.
rr Insert _f_i_l_e_s into _a_r_c_h_i_v_e (with _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t). This
operation differs from `qq' in that any previously
existing members are deleted if their names match
those being added.
If one of the files named in _f_i_l_e_s doesn't exist,
aarr displays an error message, and leaves undis-
turbed any existing members of the archive matching
that name.
By default, new members are added at the end of the
file; but you may use one of the modifiers `aa',
`bb', or `ii' to request placement relative to some
existing member.
The modifier `vv' used with this operation elicits a
line of output for each file inserted, along with
one of the letters `aa' or `rr' to indicate whether
the file was appended (no old member deleted) or
replaced.
tt Display a _t_a_b_l_e listing the contents of _a_r_c_h_i_v_e, or
those of the files listed in _f_i_l_e_s that are present
in the archive. Normally only the member name is
shown; if you also want to see the modes (permis-
sions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
request that by also specifying the `vv' modifier.
If you do not specify any _f_i_l_e_s, all files in the
archive are listed.
If there is more than one file with the same name
(say, `ffiiee') in an archive (say `bb..aa'), `aarr tt bb..aa
ffiiee' will list only the first instance; to see them
all, you must ask for a complete listing--in our
example, `aarr tt bb..aa'.
xx _E_x_t_r_a_c_t members (named _f_i_l_e_s) from the archive.
You can use the `vv' modifier with this operation,
to request that aarr list each name as it extracts
it.
If you do not specify any _f_i_l_e_s, all files in the
archive are extracted.
cygnus support 5 November 1991 3
ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
A number of modifiers (_m_o_d) may immediately follow the _p
keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behav-
ior:
aa Add new files _a_f_t_e_r an existing member of the
archive. If you use the modifier aa, the name of an
existing archive member must be present as the _m_e_m_-
_b_e_r_n_a_m_e argument, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification.
bb Add new files _b_e_f_o_r_e an existing member of the
archive. If you use the modifier bb, the name of an
existing archive member must be present as the _m_e_m_-
_b_e_r_n_a_m_e argument, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification.
(same as `ii').
cc _C_r_e_a_t_e the archive. The specified _a_r_c_h_i_v_e is al-
ways created if it didn't exist, when you request
an update. But a warning is issued unless you
specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
using this modifier.
ii Insert new files _b_e_f_o_r_e an existing member of the
archive. If you use the modifier ii, the name of an
existing archive member must be present as the _m_e_m_-
_b_e_r_n_a_m_e argument, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification.
(same as `bb').
ll This modifier is accepted but not used.
oo Preserve the _o_r_i_g_i_n_a_l dates of members when ex-
tracting them. If you do not specify this modifi-
er, files extracted from the archive will be
stamped with the time of extraction.
ss Write an object-file index into the archive, or up-
date an existing one, even if no other change is
made to the archive. You may use this modifier
flag either with any operation, or alone. Running
`aarr ss' on an archive is equivalent to running
`rraannlliibb' on it.
uu Normally, aarr rr... inserts all files listed into the
archive. If you would like to insert _o_n_l_y those of
the files you list that are newer than existing
members of the same names, use this modifier. The
`uu' modifier is allowed only for the operation `rr'
cygnus support 5 November 1991 4
ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
(replace). In particular, the combination `qquu' is
not allowed, since checking the timestamps would
lose any speed advantage from the operation `qq'.
vv This modifier requests the _v_e_r_b_o_s_e version of an
operation. Many operations display additional in-
formation, such as filenames processed, when the
modifier `vv' is appended.
VV This modifier shows the version number of aarr.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
`bbiinnuuttiillss' entry in iinnffoo; _T_h_e _G_N_U _B_i_n_a_r_y _U_t_i_l_i_t_i_e_s, Roland
H. Pesch (October 1991). nnmm(11), rraannlliibb((1)).
CCOOPPYYIINNGG
Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and
this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified ver-
sions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim
copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work
is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations
of this manual into another language, under the above con-
ditions for modified versions, except that this permission
notice may be included in translations approved by the
Free Software Foundation instead of in the original En-
glish.
cygnus support 5 November 1991 5